Structure Kinetics Relationships and Molecular Dynamics Show Crucial Role for Heterocycle Leaving Group in Irreversible Diacylglycerol Lipase Inhibitors

J Med Chem. 2019 Sep 12;62(17):7910-7922. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00686. Epub 2019 Aug 30.

Abstract

Drug discovery programs of covalent irreversible, mechanism-based enzyme inhibitors often focus on optimization of potency as determined by IC50-values in biochemical assays. These assays do not allow the characterization of the binding activity (Ki) and reactivity (kinact) as individual kinetic parameters of the covalent inhibitors. Here, we report the development of a kinetic substrate assay to study the influence of the acidity (pKa) of heterocyclic leaving group of triazole urea derivatives as diacylglycerol lipase (DAGL)-α inhibitors. Surprisingly, we found that the reactivity of the inhibitors did not correlate with the pKa of the leaving group, whereas the position of the nitrogen atoms in the heterocyclic core determined to a large extent the binding activity of the inhibitor. This finding was confirmed and clarified by molecular dynamics simulations on the covalently bound Michaelis-Menten complex. A deeper understanding of the binding properties of covalent serine hydrolase inhibitors is expected to aid in the discovery and development of more selective covalent inhibitors.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemical synthesis
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / chemistry
  • Heterocyclic Compounds / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Lipoprotein Lipase / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Lipoprotein Lipase / metabolism
  • Molecular Dynamics Simulation*
  • Molecular Structure
  • Structure-Activity Relationship

Substances

  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Heterocyclic Compounds
  • LPL protein, human
  • Lipoprotein Lipase